Conspiracy thinking less likely with greater news media literacy

CHICAGO, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- The more one knows about the news media and how it works, the less likely one is to believe conspiracy theories, researchers at the University of Illinois (UI) concluded.

UI researchers surveyed nearly 400 participants online in spring 2016 to gauge how their news media literacy, measured as a combination of news media knowledge and psychological traits connected with processing news messages, might relate to their endorsement of conspiracy theories.

The researchers found that individuals who give credence to conspiracy theories know comparatively little about how the news media work. They also found that the greater one' s knowledge about the news media, from the kinds of news covered to the commercial context in which news is produced and to the effects on public opinion news can have, the less likely one will fall prey to conspiracy theories.

UI journalism professor Stephanie Craft believes her research is the first to make that connection. But what Craft found even more interesting, and encouraging, were findings that showed it applied even where conspiracy theories resonated with an individual's political beliefs.

The study also asked participants about the strength of their belief in any of 10 conspiracy theories, split evenly between those associated with liberal and conservative perspectives, and asked separate questions to determine participants' ideological beliefs.

The researchers found that liberals with higher news media literacy were less likely to believe any or all of the five liberal conspiracy theories, among them that the federal government knew about the 9/11 terrorist attacks beforehand, that Republicans stole the 2004 presidential election through voter fraud in Ohio, and that there's a link between childhood vaccines and autism.

Likewise, conservatives with higher news media literacy were less likely to believe five conspiracy theories commonly associated with conservatives, among them that Barack Obama was not born in the U.S., that global warming is a hoax, and that the 2010 health care law authorized government panels to make end-of-life decisions for people on Medicare.

The 397 participants in the survey were recruited using Amazon's Mechanical Turk system. Based on a measure of political ideology, 195 were identified as liberal, 126 as conservative and 76 could not be identified as either liberal or conservative.

Contrary to popular conception, believing in conspiracy theories "is not the sole province of the proverbial nut-job," the researchers write. Conspiracy theories "are almost by definition 'good' stories," and even reasonable individuals can buy into theories not supported by the best evidence. "The power of a compelling narrative and one's pre-existing biases are often no match for conflicting information."

But given those factors and others that might play a part in conspiracy theory endorsement, Craft said she was encouraged to find that promoting greater news media literacy might have a small-but-significant effect.

The study is scheduled for publication in the journal Communication and the Public this month. Enditem