The new quotas cover 37 categories of textile products that are currently under quota management among EU members, but not in the 10 new EU nations, according to a ministry official.

The EU will undergo its greatest enlargement in four weeks, with 10 countries joining the 15-member bloc. The newcomers are the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia.

The quota is adjusted to cover exports to the 10 new members, said the official.

He said this is one of the trade compensations made by the EU, as its enlargement will mean higher duties and the imposition of quotas for exports of certain products to new members.

The increased textile quota is calculated based on an average of Chinese exports in the past three years to the 10 new members, the official said.

The added quota is a small fragment compared to the total amount for the EU market.

The official stressed that textile products subject to quotas shipped before May 1, 2004, but entering the new members on or after the date will be granted import authorization without quota limitation. Chinese exporters must provide adequate proof to the authorities, such as the bill of lading.

The official also mentioned another principle for processing trade, which is especially important for China.

“If one of the new members sends textile products to China for processing before May 1, 2004, which are then reimported into the same member state on or after that date, those products will not be subject to quotas,” he said.

The textile quota adjustment is based on the revised EU regulation on textile quotas and will be implemented among all trading partners.

China did not file a specific request for negotiations on the issue since textile quota limits are expected to end eight months after EU enlargement.

Under the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, all quotas restricting textile and clothing trade between WTO members will be eliminated by December 31, 2004.

Chinese exporters of garlic and mushrooms will feel the brunt of the change, since the 10 new members will be forced to raise their tariffs on the two farm products to conform to EU rules.

The EU has asked China to provide details on the size of its trade in garlic and mushrooms with the new EU member states to serve as a basis for negotiations for compensation.

The EU has agreed to offer China extra quotas on garlic and mushrooms before May 1, said EU Commissioner for Agriculture Franz Fischler, during a visit to China two weeks ago.

In addition to the existing quota, the EU will impose an autonomous quota, which refers to interim import limits provided outside the framework of the WTO.

With only weeks to go before enlargement, there may not be enough time to conclude detailed talks on compensation for China and the extra quotas will act as a preliminary measure to satisfy the Chinese side, Fischler said.

China’s trade with the 10 members is small compared with its overall European trade.

Chinese exports to the EU totaled US$72 billion dollars, while exports to the 10 new members reached just US$6 billion.

The EU is also facing demands for trade compensation from top trading partners such as the United States and Japan.

According to WTO rules, members have the right to seek compensation for any trade losses incurred as a result of less attractive terms of access to the EU than they currently have with the new members.

However, generally speaking, EU enlargement will be a good move for trade partners since a larger internal market will be offered, market access to the new members will be simplified and a substantial reduction in overall import tariffs will be seen.

Average tariff rates will decrease from 9 percent to 4 percent in the new member states.

The EU, after enlargement, will have 450 million citizens, account for roughly 18 percent of world trade and contribute to more than 25 percent of the world’s gross domestic product.

(China Daily April 5, 2005)