China's manufacturing grew at the slowest pace in 17 months in July as the government clamped down on property speculation and investment in energy-intensive and polluting factories.

The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) fell to 51.2 from 52.1 in June, the Federation of Logistics and Purchasing said on its website yesterday. That was less than the median forecast of 51.4 in a Bloomberg News survey of 15 economists. A reading above 50 shows an expansion.

A deeper Chinese slowdown could weaken a global recovery already constrained by the debt burdens and unemployment of advanced economies. While growth is cooling, China's full-year expansion may be as much as 9.5 percent, up from 9.1 percent in 2009, State Council researcher Zhang Liqun said.

"The Chinese economy is slowing down mainly due to the ongoing property tightening measures," said Lu Ting, a Hong Kong-based economist at Bank of America-Merrill Lynch. "Beijing will surely ramp up spending on public housing and other public works to stabilize growth."

The US economy, the world's biggest, grew at a slower pace in the second quarter as unemployment capped consumer spending, the government reported July 30. From the UK to Japan, government efforts to cut debt may weigh on demand after stimulus spending revived the global economy.

Heavy industry

Yesterday's PMI was the lowest since China's manufacturing stopped contracting in March 2009. An output index fell to 52.7 from 55.8 in June. A measure of new orders slid to 50.9 from 52.1. An export-order index fell for a third month, dropping to 51.2 from 51.7.

Of 11 sub-indexes, only the measure of employment gained, climbing to 52.2 from 50.6.

At Morgan Stanley, economist Wang Qing said the slowdown seemed concentrated in heavy industry, partly reflecting a government campaign to close inefficient businesses to meet energy-saving goals. This "does not necessarily reflect weakening in the underlying economic fundamentals", he said.

The PMI, released by the logistics federation and the Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics, covers more than 730 companies in 20 industries, including energy, metallurgy, textiles, automobiles and electronics. China's industrial-output growth cooled in June by the most since 2008. Yesterday's data showed contractions in indexes of stocks of raw materials and finished goods, suggesting "a quite aggressive inventory correction" as business confidence weakened, said Tao Dong, a Hong Kong-based economist at Credit Suisse AG.

Investors may be betting that the government will alter policies if necessary to sustain the pace of growth. The Shanghai Composite Index climbed 10 percent in July. That was the biggest gain in a year and pared this year's decline in the benchmark to 20 percent.

Societe Generale SA cautioned last week that seasonal distortions in Chinese surveys raised the risk of a PMI below 50. Goldman Sachs Group Inc said that such effects typically drag down the July number and Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd said the index had reached "a cyclical bottom" and may rebound.

Government measures this year, including trimming credit growth from last year's record US$1.4 trillion and discouraging multiple-home purchases, have reduced overheating risks in the fastest-growing major economy.