2010 Science Development Report

 

Publication Date:January 21, 2011 Price:US$0.00

CONTENTS

Holding Scientific Foresight, Addressing Financial Criss, Seizing Opportunities,

and Promoting Innovation and Development  ………………………………………………………   i

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………   xi

Chapter 1 An Outlook on Science……………………………………………………………………    1

1.1 Progress and Prospect of iPS Research ………………………………………………………… 2

1.2 Trends of Studies on the Photosynthesis, Solar Photobiotransformation 

and Bioenergy ………………………………………………………………………………           11 

Chapter 2 Frontiers in Sciences   ……………………………………………………………………  21

2.1 Leading-edge and Hot Topics in Physics, Chemistry, Biology 

and Medicine from September 2008 to August 2009…………………………………………  22

2.2 Formation of the First Stars and Galaxies ……………………………………………………… 34

2.3 Quantum Gravity and Applications ……………………………………………………………      38

2.4 The Unique Transport Properties of Liquid Confined in Carbon Nanotubes…………………  41

2.5 Self-powered Micro/nano-system and Sustainable Self-sufficient

Power Source…………………………………………………………………………………       47

2.6 The Differentiation, Regulation and Function of Th17 Cells…………………………………… 50

2.7 Mini  Review  of Latest Progress of Crystallography Study

of G-protein Coupled Receptor ………………………………………………………………… 54

2.8 Summary of World S&T Achievements in 2009  ……………………………………………     59 

Chapter 3 Commentary on the 2009 Nobel Science Prizes   …………………………………   85

3.1O ptical Fiber to Make a Better World and Life

—Commentary on the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics ………………………………………… 86

3.2 Revealing the Working Mechanism of the Molecular Machinery

for Protein Production

—Commentary on the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry   ……………………………………  92

3.3 Telomere and Telomerase: The Fountain of Youth and Life

—Commentary on the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine 2009……………………………98 

Chapter 4 Some Representative Achievements of Chinese Scientists in 2009……………103

4.1 A dvances in Control of the Quasilinear Wave Equation in Higher

Dimensions  …………………………………………………………………………………   104

4.2 Significant Progress in Quantum Computation……………………………………………… 107

4.3 Novel Discovery in Strong Field Physics at Mid-infrared Wavelengths …………………… 114  

4.4 Three Dimensional Superconductivity in Layered Compounds  ……………………………118

4.5 Progress in High-Tc Superconductivity Research

      —Coexistence of Fermi Arcs and Fermi Pockets in a High-Tc Copper Oxide

      Superconductor   …………………………………………………………………………………  121

4.6 The Discovery, Growth,  and Applications of Deep-UV

Nonlinear Optical Crystal KBe2BO3F2 ……………………………………………………  124

4.7 Selective Phenol Hydrogenation to Cyclohexanone over a Dual Supported

Pd-Lewis Acid Catalyst ………………………………………………………………………129

4.8 Morphology-dependent Nanocatalysis

—Low-temperature Oxidation of CO Catalysed by Co3O4 Nanorods…………………… 132

4.9 Design and Control of Electron Transport Properties of Single Molecules………………135

4.10 Breakthrough in the Large Capacity Sodium Sulfur Battery

for Energy Storage Applications…………………………………………………………   138

4.11 Industrialization Progress of the Technology of Ethylene Glycol from Coal……………  143

4.12 iPS Cells Produce Viable Mice Through Tetraploid Complementation………………   147

4.13 b-arrestin1 Regulates Zebraf ish Hematopoiesis Through Binding to YY1

and Relieving Polycomb Group Repression  …………………………………………… 151

4.14 Structural Investigation of Pathogenesis-related Membrane Proteins………………… 156

4.15 Epigenetic Mechanism for Breast Cancer Metastasis…………………………………  159

4.16 Studies on the Complex Structures and Functional Roles 

of 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase……………………………………………  162

4.17 Systems Biology Analyses of Schistosoma japonicum

—A Foundation for Developing Antischistosomal Drugs and Vaccines 

Against Schistosomiasis   ………………………………………………………………   165

4.18 A Field Trial of the New Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccine in China……………………………168

4.19 The Carbon Balance of Terrestrial Ecosystems in China…………………………………172

4.20 New Progress of Polar Science: The Origin and Early Evolution of the

Antarctic Ice Sheet …………………………………………………………………………  175

4.21 Phytoliths Analysis for Earliest Domestication of Millets in East Asia…………………   179 

Chapter 5 Science Topics of Public Interest  …………………………………………………183

5.1 Development of Advanced Astronomical Telescopes in the World ……………………   184

5.2 Current Global Pandemic of Influenza A (H1N1) and Recent  Development

of Vaccine Production and Drug Research………………………………………………   188

5.3 Recent Study Progress in Cancer Genetics  ……………………………………………… 192

5.4 New Advances in Chinese Ancestor Origin Studies ……………………………………195 

Chapter 6 S&T Strategy and Policy   …………………………………………………………… 201

6.1 Let Science and Technology Play Supportive Role and Promote Steady

and Relatively Fast Growth of the Economy………………………………………………    202

6.2 New Progress in S&T and Innovation Strategies of Major Countries

Around the World ……………………………………………………………………………  206